装载机几种常用油品简介

装载机经常使用到的油品主要有发动机机油、发动机柴油、变矩器／变速箱用油（液力传动油）、驱动桥用油、液压系统使用的液压油、各铰接销使用的润滑脂，正确选择和使用这些油品对维持各系统的正常运转、降低磨损，延长机器使用寿命具有重要的意义。

1.发动机机油
目前国际上广泛采用的机油黏度分级是SAE的分级标准，例如SAE5W／40或SAEl5W／40，“W”表示winter（冬季），其前面的数字越小，说明机油的黏度越稀，流动性越好，在、冷启动时对发动机的保护作用越好。“W”后面的数字则是机油耐高温的指标，数值越大，说明机油在高温下的保护性能越好，较高黏度的机油对运动系的阻力也相对较高，不但耗费功率，增加油耗，而且机油容易氧化，影响冷启动时的保护。
Currently widely used international oil SAE viscosity grade is grading standards, such SAE5W / 40 or SAEl5W / 40, "W" indicates winter (winter), the smaller the number preceding it, indicating that the more dilute the viscosity of the oil, the more liquidity good, when the engine cold start, the better protective effect against. "W" behind the numbers is the oil temperature indicator,the greater the value, indicating that the oil protection at high temperature, the better the performance, the higher viscosity of the oil on the resistance movement system is also relatively high, not only consume power, increase fuel consumption , and the oil is easily oxidized, affect the protection of cold startup.

2.发动机柴油
一般使用含硫量低于0.5%的柴油，如果含硫量高，将缩短换机油的周期。一般装载机柴油采用GB252―1994规定的轻柴油，它适用于全负荷转速1000r／min以上的高速柴油机。
Usually less than 0.5% sulfur-containing diesel fuel, if the sulfur content is high, the oil change period would be shortened. General provisions loader diesel use GB252-1994 light diesel oil,which is suitable for full load speed 1000r / min or more high-speed diesel engines.

3、液力传动油
液力传动油是液力变矩器能量传递的介质，可以做变速箱的齿轮和轴承的润滑油，作为变速箱摩擦离合器的液压油，作为变矩器、变速箱的冷却液。液力传动油正常工作温度为82～95℃之间，有时可达120℃左右，因对液力传动用的油品有特殊要求。
Hydraulic torque converter transmission oil is energy transfer medium, can be done gearbox gear and bearing lubricants, as a friction clutch gearbox hydraulic oil, as the torque converter,transmission coolant. Hydraulic transmission oil between the normal operating temperature of 82 ~ 95 ℃, sometimes up to about 120 ℃, because of the oil used in hydraulic transmission with special requirements.

4.驱动桥用油
我国车辆齿轮油质量分类标准GB7631.7～95参照API的质量等级分类分为CLC、CLD、CLE三种，其中CLE相当于APL分类中的GL～5级。一般装载机驱动桥用齿轮油建议采用CLＥ级。装载机驱动桥刹车油（非全液压制动）一般采用GB1298191中规定的HZY3合成制动液，相当于API中规定的SAEL703C油。
Quality grade of vehicle gear oil quality classification standards GB7631.7 ~ 95 API reference classification into CLC, CLD, CLE three, including CLE equivalent APL classification GL-Class to 5.General loader drive axle gear oil recommended CLE level. Loader drive axle brake fluid (non-hydraulic brake) generally use GB12981? HZY3 synthetic brake fluid 91 in the prescribed oil equivalent SAEL703C specified in API.

5.液压油
粘度是液压油的重要性能指标，因为粘度越低，动力损失越小，机械效率越高；而粘度低，容积效率也随之降低，所以最佳粘度符合轴承和液压泵磨损最小的要求，同时也要考虑低温性能。国产液压油一般选择GB11118.1 94中规定的矿物油型和合成烃型液压油。由于装载机工作条件恶劣，工作负荷大，液压油油温度较高，一般采用高级抗磨液压油L HM32和L HM46型号，低温条件下推荐使用低凝液压油L HV32和L HV46型号。
Viscosity of the hydraulic oil is an important performance indicator, because the lower the viscosity, the smaller the power loss, the higher mechanical efficiency; while low viscosity, volumetric efficiency decreases, so the optimum viscosity and pump bearing wear meets the minimum requirements, while also consider the low temperature performance. Domestic oil will generally choose GB11118.1 94 specified in mineral oil and synthetic hydrocarbon type hydraulic oil. Due to the harsh conditions loader work, work load, high hydraulic oil temperature, generally using advanced

anti-wear hydraulic oil L HM32 and L HM46 models, at low temperatures is recommended to use low pour hydraulic oil L HV32 and L HV46 models.

6.润滑脂
国外使用的是一种多用途油脂，含有1%－5%的二硫化钼，并且它还是一种合适的抗腐蚀剂。这种油脂适合各种铰销、关节轴承、摆动架轴承、传动轴等，用途十分广泛。此油脂必须是高级锂基与E.P.添加剂的混合物，在整个工作范围内，具有化学性能稳定、不硬化、不泄漏或不滴落等特点。
Is a versatile use of foreign fats, containing 1% to 5% molybdenum disulfide, and it is also a suitable anti-corrosive. This grease for a variety of hinge pins, bearings, swing frame bearings,drive shafts, etc., use very extensive. This must be a mixture of oil and Advanced lithium-based EP additives, over the entire operating range, with stable chemical properties, does not harden,does not leak or drip characteristics.